Bump version and windows dependency.

Fixed a panic in SpeechDispatcher.voices()

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -6,98 +6,16 @@ on:
       - "v*"
 
 jobs:
-  check:
-    name: Check
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-      - run: sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install -y libspeechd-dev
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-          args: --all-features --examples
-        if: ${{ runner.os != 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-          args: --no-default-features --examples
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --all --check
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --all-features
-        if: ${{ runner.os != 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --no-default-features
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-
-  check_web:
-    name: Check Web
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          target: wasm32-unknown-unknown
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-          args: --all-features --examples --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --all -- --check
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --all-features --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions-rs/install@v0.1
-        with:
-          crate: cargo-make
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: make
-          args: build-web-example
-
   publish:
     name: Publish
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [check, check_web]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     env:
       CARGO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CARGO_TOKEN }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          target: wasm32-unknown-unknown
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          override: true
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - run: |
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y libspeechd-dev
           cargo login $CARGO_TOKEN
-          cargo publish --no-default-features
+          rustup toolchain install stable
+          cargo publish

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -5,113 +5,58 @@ on:
   pull_request:
 
 jobs:
+  check_formatting:
+    name: Check Formatting
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: |
+          rustup toolchain install stable
+          cargo fmt --all --check
+          cd examples/web
+          cargo fmt --all --check
+
   check:
     name: Check
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+        os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-22.04, macos-latest]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - run: sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install -y libspeechd-dev
         if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-          args: --all-features --examples
-        if: ${{ runner.os != 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-          args: --no-default-features --examples
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --all --check
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --all-features
-        if: ${{ runner.os != 'Linux' }}
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --no-default-features
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+      - run: |
+          rustup toolchain install stable
+          cargo clippy --all-targets
 
   check_web:
     name: Check Web
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          target: wasm32-unknown-unknown
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-          args: --all-features --examples --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --all --check
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --all-features --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: |
+          rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+          rustup toolchain install stable
+          cargo clippy --all-targets --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
 
   check_android:
     name: Check Android
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/install@v0.1
-        with:
-          crate: cargo-apk
-          # use-tool-cache: true
-      - run: rustup target add aarch64-linux-android armv7-linux-androideabi i686-linux-android x86_64-linux-android
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: apk
-          args: build
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: |
+          rustup target add aarch64-linux-android
+          rustup toolchain install stable
+          cargo clippy --all-targets --target aarch64-linux-android
 
   check_web_example:
     name: Check Web Example
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          target: wasm32-unknown-unknown
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/install@v0.1
-        with:
-          crate: cargo-make
-      - uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: make
-          args: build-web-example
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: |
+          rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+          rustup toolchain install stable
+          cd examples/web
+          cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 [package]
 name = "tts"
-version = "0.21.1"
+version = "0.26.1"
 authors = ["Nolan Darilek <nolan@thewordnerd.info>"]
 repository = "https://github.com/ndarilek/tts-rs"
 description = "High-level Text-To-Speech (TTS) interface"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/tts"
 license = "MIT"
 exclude = ["*.cfg", "*.yml"]
 edition = "2021"
@@ -12,35 +13,59 @@ edition = "2021"
 crate-type = ["lib", "cdylib", "staticlib"]
 
 [features]
+speech_dispatcher_0_9 = ["speech-dispatcher/0_9"]
 speech_dispatcher_0_10 = ["speech-dispatcher/0_10"]
-default = ["speech_dispatcher_0_10"]
+speech_dispatcher_0_11 = ["speech-dispatcher/0_11"]
+default = ["speech_dispatcher_0_11"]
 
 [dependencies]
 dyn-clonable = "0.9"
+oxilangtag = "0.1"
 lazy_static = "1"
 log = "0.4"
+serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["derive"] }
 thiserror = "1"
-serde = { version = "1.0", optional = true, features = ["derive"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-env_logger = "0.9"
+env_logger = "0.11"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
 tolk = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
-windows = { version = "0.34", features = ["alloc", "Foundation", "Media_Core", "Media_Playback", "Media_SpeechSynthesis", "Storage_Streams"] }
+windows = { version = "0.56", features = [
+    "Foundation",
+    "Foundation_Collections",
+    "Media_Core",
+    "Media_Playback",
+    "Media_SpeechSynthesis",
+    "Storage_Streams",
+] }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
-speech-dispatcher = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
+speech-dispatcher = { version = "0.16", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))'.dependencies]
 cocoa-foundation = "0.1"
+core-foundation = "0.9"
 libc = "0.2"
 objc = { version = "0.2", features = ["exception"] }
 
 [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown.dependencies]
 wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
-web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["EventTarget", "SpeechSynthesis", "SpeechSynthesisErrorCode", "SpeechSynthesisErrorEvent", "SpeechSynthesisEvent", "SpeechSynthesisUtterance", "Window", ] }
+web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = [
+    "EventTarget",
+    "SpeechSynthesis",
+    "SpeechSynthesisErrorCode",
+    "SpeechSynthesisErrorEvent",
+    "SpeechSynthesisEvent",
+    "SpeechSynthesisUtterance",
+    "SpeechSynthesisVoice",
+    "Window",
+] }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os="android")'.dependencies]
-jni = "0.19"
-ndk-glue = "0.6"
+jni = "0.21"
+ndk-context = "0.1"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+no-default-features = true
+features = ["speech_dispatcher_0_11"]

examples/android/app/build.gradle

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 plugins {
     id "com.android.application"
-    id "kotlin-android"
+    id "org.mozilla.rust-android-gradle.rust-android"
 }
 
 android {
-    compileSdkVersion 30
-    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
-
+    namespace "rs.tts"
+    compileSdkVersion 33
+    ndkVersion "25.1.8937393"
     defaultConfig {
         applicationId "rs.tts"
         minSdkVersion 21
-        targetSdkVersion 30
+        targetSdkVersion 33
         versionCode 1
         versionName "1.0"
     }
@@ -21,27 +21,27 @@ android {
             proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro"
         }
     }
-    compileOptions {
-        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
-        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
-    }
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = "1.8"
-    }
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version"
     implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:1.2.0"
     implementation "androidx.annotation:annotation:1.1.0"
     implementation "com.google.android.material:material:1.1.0"
     implementation "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3"
 }
 
-apply plugin: "com.github.willir.rust.cargo-ndk-android"
+apply plugin: "org.mozilla.rust-android-gradle.rust-android"
 
-cargoNdk {
+cargo {
     module  = "."
+    libname = "tts"
+    targets = ["arm", "x86"]
+}
+
+tasks.whenTaskAdded { task ->
+    if ((task.name == 'javaPreCompileDebug' || task.name == 'javaPreCompileRelease')) {
+        task.dependsOn "cargoBuild"
+    }
 }
 
 project.afterEvaluate {

examples/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="rs.tts">
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
 
     <application android:allowBackup="true" android:label="@string/app_name">
-        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
+        <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:exported="true">
             <meta-data android:name="android.app.lib_name" android:value="hello_world" />
             <intent-filter>
                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

examples/android/build.gradle

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 // Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
-buildscript {
-    ext.kotlin_version = "1.3.72"
-    repositories {
-        google()
-        jcenter()
+
+buildscript {                                                                                                                                                                 
+    repositories {                                                                                                                                                            
+        google()                                                                                                                                                              
+        mavenCentral()                                                                                                                                                        
         maven {
             url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/"
         }
-    }
-    dependencies {
-        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.1"
-        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
-        classpath "gradle.plugin.com.github.willir.rust:plugin:0.3.4"
-        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
-        // in the individual module build.gradle files
-    }
+    }                                                                                                                                                                         
+}                                                                                                                                                                             
+
+plugins {
+    id "com.android.application" version "7.3.0" apply false
+    id "com.android.library" version "7.3.0" apply false
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "1.7.21" apply false
+    id "org.mozilla.rust-android-gradle.rust-android" version "0.9.3" apply false
 }
 
 allprojects {
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
-    }
-}
+        mavenCentral()
+    }                                                                                                                                                                         
+}                                                                                                                                                                             
 
 task clean(type: Delete) {
     delete rootProject.buildDir

examples/android/cargo.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 name = "hello_world"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Nolan Darilek <nolan@thewordnerd.info>"]
-edition = "2018"
+edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ edition = "2018"
 crate-type = ["dylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
-ndk-glue = "0.6"
+ndk-glue = "0.7"
 tts = { path = "../.." }

examples/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.5-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5.1-bin.zip

examples/android/settings.gradle

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-include ":app"
+pluginManagement {
+    repositories {
+        gradlePluginPortal()
+        google()
+        mavenCentral()
+    }
+}
+include ":app"

examples/hello_world.rs

@@ -71,6 +71,23 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
         tts.speak("This is normal volume.", false)?;
         tts.set_volume(original_volume)?;
     }
+    let Features { voice, .. } = tts.supported_features();
+    if voice {
+        let voices = tts.voices()?;
+        println!("Available voices:\n===");
+        for v in &voices {
+            println!("{:?}", v);
+        }
+        let Features { get_voice, .. } = tts.supported_features();
+        let original_voice = if get_voice { tts.voice()? } else { None };
+        for v in &voices {
+            tts.set_voice(v)?;
+            tts.speak(format!("This is {}.", v.name()), false)?;
+        }
+        if let Some(original_voice) = original_voice {
+            tts.set_voice(&original_voice)?;
+        }
+    }
     tts.speak("Goodbye.", false)?;
     let mut _input = String::new();
     // The below is only needed to make the example run on MacOS because there is no NSRunLoop in this context.

examples/ramble.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use cocoa_foundation::base::id;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use cocoa_foundation::foundation::NSDefaultRunLoopMode;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use cocoa_foundation::foundation::NSRunLoop;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use objc::class;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use std::{thread, time};
-
 use tts::*;
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
@@ -8,6 +17,14 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
     let mut phrase = 1;
     loop {
         tts.speak(format!("Phrase {}", phrase), false)?;
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+        {
+            let run_loop: id = unsafe { NSRunLoop::currentRunLoop() };
+            unsafe {
+                let date: id = msg_send![class!(NSDate), distantFuture];
+                let _: () = msg_send![run_loop, runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:date];
+            }
+        }
         let time = time::Duration::from_secs(5);
         thread::sleep(time);
         phrase += 1;

examples/web/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 name = "web"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Nolan Darilek <nolan@thewordnerd.info>"]
-edition = "2018"
+edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-seed = "0.8"
-tts = { path = "../.." }
+console_log = "0.2"
+log = "0.4"
+seed = "0.9"
+tts = { path = "../.." }

examples/web/index.html

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 
 <head>
     <title>Example</title>

examples/web/src/main.rs

@@ -15,13 +15,20 @@ enum Msg {
     RateChanged(String),
     PitchChanged(String),
     VolumeChanged(String),
+    VoiceChanged(String),
     Speak,
 }
 
 fn init(_: Url, _: &mut impl Orders<Msg>) -> Model {
-    let tts = Tts::default().unwrap();
+    let mut tts = Tts::default().unwrap();
+    if tts.voices().unwrap().iter().len() > 0 {
+        if tts.voice().unwrap().is_none() {
+            tts.set_voice(tts.voices().unwrap().first().unwrap())
+                .expect("Failed to set voice");
+        }
+    }
     Model {
-        text: Default::default(),
+        text: "Hello, world. This is a test of the current text-to-speech values.".into(),
         tts,
     }
 }
@@ -42,6 +49,13 @@ fn update(msg: Msg, model: &mut Model, _: &mut impl Orders<Msg>) {
             let volume = volume.parse::<f32>().unwrap();
             model.tts.set_volume(volume).unwrap();
         }
+        VoiceChanged(voice) => {
+            for v in model.tts.voices().unwrap() {
+                if v.id() == voice {
+                    model.tts.set_voice(&v).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
         Speak => {
             model.tts.speak(&model.text, false).unwrap();
         }
@@ -49,6 +63,7 @@ fn update(msg: Msg, model: &mut Model, _: &mut impl Orders<Msg>) {
 }
 
 fn view(model: &Model) -> Node<Msg> {
+    let should_show_voices = model.tts.voices().unwrap().iter().len() > 0;
     form![
         div![label![
             "Text to speak",
@@ -96,6 +111,36 @@ fn view(model: &Model) -> Node<Msg> {
                 input_ev(Ev::Input, Msg::VolumeChanged)
             ],
         ],],
+        if should_show_voices {
+            div![
+                label!["Voice"],
+                select![
+                    model.tts.voices().unwrap().iter().map(|v| {
+                        let selected = if let Some(voice) = model.tts.voice().unwrap() {
+                            voice.id() == v.id()
+                        } else {
+                            false
+                        };
+                        option![
+                            attrs! {
+                                At::Value => v.id()
+                            },
+                            if selected {
+                                attrs! {
+                                    At::Selected => selected
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                attrs! {}
+                            },
+                            v.name()
+                        ]
+                    }),
+                    input_ev(Ev::Change, Msg::VoiceChanged)
+                ]
+            ]
+        } else {
+            div!["Your browser does not seem to support selecting voices."]
+        },
         button![
             "Speak",
             ev(Ev::Click, |e| {
@@ -107,5 +152,6 @@ fn view(model: &Model) -> Node<Msg> {
 }
 
 fn main() {
+    console_log::init().expect("Error initializing logger");
     App::start("app", init, update, view);
 }

src/backends/android.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use jni::{
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{error, info};
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, CALLBACKS};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, Voice, CALLBACKS};
 
 lazy_static! {
     static ref BRIDGE: Mutex<Option<GlobalRef>> = Mutex::new(None);
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ lazy_static! {
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn JNI_OnLoad(vm: JavaVM, _: *mut c_void) -> jint {
-    let env = vm.get_env().expect("Cannot get reference to the JNIEnv");
+    let mut env = vm.get_env().expect("Cannot get reference to the JNIEnv");
     let b = env
         .find_class("rs/tts/Bridge")
         .expect("Failed to find `Bridge`");
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn JNI_OnLoad(vm: JavaVM, _: *mut c_void) -> jint {
 
 #[no_mangle]
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onInit(env: JNIEnv, obj: JObject, status: jint) {
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onInit(mut env: JNIEnv, obj: JObject, status: jint) {
     let id = env
         .get_field(obj, "backendId", "I")
         .expect("Failed to get backend ID")
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onInit(env: JNIEnv, obj: JObject, st
 #[no_mangle]
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onStart(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    mut env: JNIEnv,
     obj: JObject,
     utterance_id: JString,
 ) {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onStart(
         .expect("Failed to cast to int") as u64;
     let backend_id = BackendId::Android(backend_id);
     let utterance_id = CString::from(CStr::from_ptr(
-        env.get_string(utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
+        env.get_string(&utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
     ))
     .into_string()
     .unwrap();
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onStart(
 #[no_mangle]
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onStop(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    mut env: JNIEnv,
     obj: JObject,
     utterance_id: JString,
 ) {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onStop(
         .expect("Failed to cast to int") as u64;
     let backend_id = BackendId::Android(backend_id);
     let utterance_id = CString::from(CStr::from_ptr(
-        env.get_string(utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
+        env.get_string(&utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
     ))
     .into_string()
     .unwrap();
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onStop(
 #[no_mangle]
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onDone(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    mut env: JNIEnv,
     obj: JObject,
     utterance_id: JString,
 ) {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onDone(
         .expect("Failed to cast to int") as u64;
     let backend_id = BackendId::Android(backend_id);
     let utterance_id = CString::from(CStr::from_ptr(
-        env.get_string(utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
+        env.get_string(&utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
     ))
     .into_string()
     .unwrap();
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onDone(
 #[no_mangle]
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onError(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    mut env: JNIEnv,
     obj: JObject,
     utterance_id: JString,
 ) {
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn Java_rs_tts_Bridge_onError(
         .expect("Failed to cast to int") as u64;
     let backend_id = BackendId::Android(backend_id);
     let utterance_id = CString::from(CStr::from_ptr(
-        env.get_string(utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
+        env.get_string(&utterance_id).unwrap().as_ptr(),
     ))
     .into_string()
     .unwrap();
@@ -179,22 +179,23 @@ impl Android {
         let id = BackendId::Android(bid);
         *backend_id += 1;
         drop(backend_id);
-        let native_activity = ndk_glue::native_activity();
-        let vm = Self::vm()?;
-        let env = vm.attach_current_thread_permanently()?;
+        let ctx = ndk_context::android_context();
+        let vm = unsafe { jni::JavaVM::from_raw(ctx.vm().cast()) }?;
+        let context = unsafe { JObject::from_raw(ctx.context().cast()) };
+        let mut env = vm.attach_current_thread_permanently()?;
         let bridge = BRIDGE.lock().unwrap();
         if let Some(bridge) = &*bridge {
             let bridge = env.new_object(bridge, "(I)V", &[(bid as jint).into()])?;
             let tts = env.new_object(
                 "android/speech/tts/TextToSpeech",
                 "(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/speech/tts/TextToSpeech$OnInitListener;)V",
-                &[native_activity.activity().into(), bridge.into()],
+                &[(&context).into(), (&bridge).into()],
             )?;
             env.call_method(
-                tts,
+                &tts,
                 "setOnUtteranceProgressListener",
                 "(Landroid/speech/tts/UtteranceProgressListener;)I",
-                &[bridge.into()],
+                &[(&bridge).into()],
             )?;
             {
                 let mut pending = PENDING_INITIALIZATIONS.write().unwrap();
@@ -229,9 +230,8 @@ impl Android {
     }
 
     fn vm() -> Result<JavaVM, jni::errors::Error> {
-        let native_activity = ndk_glue::native_activity();
-        let vm_ptr = native_activity.vm();
-        unsafe { jni::JavaVM::from_raw(vm_ptr) }
+        let ctx = ndk_context::android_context();
+        unsafe { jni::JavaVM::from_raw(ctx.vm().cast()) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -248,12 +248,14 @@ impl Backend for Android {
             volume: false,
             is_speaking: true,
             utterance_callbacks: true,
+            voice: false,
+            get_voice: false,
         }
     }
 
     fn speak(&mut self, text: &str, interrupt: bool) -> Result<Option<UtteranceId>, Error> {
         let vm = Self::vm()?;
-        let env = vm.get_env()?;
+        let mut env = vm.get_env()?;
         let tts = self.tts.as_obj();
         let text = env.new_string(text)?;
         let queue_mode = if interrupt { 0 } else { 1 };
@@ -268,10 +270,10 @@ impl Backend for Android {
             "speak",
             "(Ljava/lang/CharSequence;ILandroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;)I",
             &[
-                text.into(),
+                (&text).into(),
                 queue_mode.into(),
-                JObject::null().into(),
-                uid.into(),
+                (&JObject::null()).into(),
+                (&uid).into(),
             ],
         )?;
         let rv = rv.i()?;
@@ -284,7 +286,7 @@ impl Backend for Android {
 
     fn stop(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let vm = Self::vm()?;
-        let env = vm.get_env()?;
+        let mut env = vm.get_env()?;
         let tts = self.tts.as_obj();
         let rv = env.call_method(tts, "stop", "()I", &[])?;
         let rv = rv.i()?;
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ impl Backend for Android {
 
     fn set_rate(&mut self, rate: f32) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let vm = Self::vm()?;
-        let env = vm.get_env()?;
+        let mut env = vm.get_env()?;
         let tts = self.tts.as_obj();
         let rate = rate as jfloat;
         let rv = env.call_method(tts, "setSpeechRate", "(F)I", &[rate.into()])?;
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ impl Backend for Android {
 
     fn set_pitch(&mut self, pitch: f32) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let vm = Self::vm()?;
-        let env = vm.get_env()?;
+        let mut env = vm.get_env()?;
         let tts = self.tts.as_obj();
         let pitch = pitch as jfloat;
         let rv = env.call_method(tts, "setPitch", "(F)I", &[pitch.into()])?;
@@ -379,10 +381,22 @@ impl Backend for Android {
 
     fn is_speaking(&self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
         let vm = Self::vm()?;
-        let env = vm.get_env()?;
+        let mut env = vm.get_env()?;
         let tts = self.tts.as_obj();
         let rv = env.call_method(tts, "isSpeaking", "()Z", &[])?;
         let rv = rv.z()?;
         Ok(rv)
     }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, _voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
 }

src/backends/appkit.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-#[link(name = "AppKit", kind = "framework")]
 use cocoa_foundation::base::{id, nil};
 use cocoa_foundation::foundation::NSString;
 use log::{info, trace};
@@ -7,18 +6,18 @@ use objc::declare::ClassDecl;
 use objc::runtime::*;
 use objc::*;
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, Voice};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct AppKit(*mut Object, *mut Object);
 
 impl AppKit {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Result<Self, Error> {
         info!("Initializing AppKit backend");
         unsafe {
             let obj: *mut Object = msg_send![class!(NSSpeechSynthesizer), new];
-            let mut decl =
-                ClassDecl::new("MyNSSpeechSynthesizerDelegate", class!(NSObject)).unwrap();
+            let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("MyNSSpeechSynthesizerDelegate", class!(NSObject))
+                .ok_or(Error::OperationFailed)?;
             decl.add_ivar::<id>("synth");
             decl.add_ivar::<id>("strings");
 
@@ -47,13 +46,15 @@ impl AppKit {
             ) {
                 unsafe {
                     let strings: id = *this.get_ivar("strings");
-                    let str: id = msg_send!(strings, firstObject);
-                    let _: () = msg_send![str, release];
-                    let _: () = msg_send!(strings, removeObjectAtIndex:0);
                     let count: u32 = msg_send![strings, count];
                     if count > 0 {
                         let str: id = msg_send!(strings, firstObject);
-                        let _: BOOL = msg_send![synth, startSpeakingString: str];
+                        let _: () = msg_send![str, release];
+                        let _: () = msg_send!(strings, removeObjectAtIndex:0);
+                        if count > 1 {
+                            let str: id = msg_send!(strings, firstObject);
+                            let _: BOOL = msg_send![synth, startSpeakingString: str];
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -82,11 +83,17 @@ impl AppKit {
 
             let delegate_class = decl.register();
             let delegate_obj: *mut Object = msg_send![delegate_class, new];
-            delegate_obj.as_mut().unwrap().set_ivar("synth", obj);
+            delegate_obj
+                .as_mut()
+                .ok_or(Error::OperationFailed)?
+                .set_ivar("synth", obj);
             let strings: id = msg_send![class!(NSMutableArray), new];
-            delegate_obj.as_mut().unwrap().set_ivar("strings", strings);
+            delegate_obj
+                .as_mut()
+                .ok_or(Error::OperationFailed)?
+                .set_ivar("strings", strings);
             let _: Object = msg_send![obj, setDelegate: delegate_obj];
-            AppKit(obj, delegate_obj)
+            Ok(AppKit(obj, delegate_obj))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -200,6 +207,18 @@ impl Backend for AppKit {
         let is_speaking: i8 = unsafe { msg_send![self.0, isSpeaking] };
         Ok(is_speaking != NO as i8)
     }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, _voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for AppKit {

src/backends/av_foundation.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
-#[link(name = "AVFoundation", kind = "framework")]
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 use cocoa_foundation::base::{id, nil, NO};
 use cocoa_foundation::foundation::NSString;
+use core_foundation::array::CFArray;
+use core_foundation::base::TCFType;
+use core_foundation::string::CFString;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{info, trace};
 use objc::runtime::{Object, Sel};
 use objc::{class, declare::ClassDecl, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+use oxilangtag::LanguageTag;
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, CALLBACKS};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, Gender, UtteranceId, Voice, CALLBACKS};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct AvFoundation {
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ pub(crate) struct AvFoundation {
     rate: f32,
     volume: f32,
     pitch: f32,
+    voice: Option<Voice>,
 }
 
 lazy_static! {
@@ -26,9 +30,10 @@ lazy_static! {
 }
 
 impl AvFoundation {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Result<Self, Error> {
         info!("Initializing AVFoundation backend");
-        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("MyNSSpeechSynthesizerDelegate", class!(NSObject)).unwrap();
+        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("MyNSSpeechSynthesizerDelegate", class!(NSObject))
+            .ok_or(Error::OperationFailed)?;
         decl.add_ivar::<u64>("backend_id");
 
         extern "C" fn speech_synthesizer_did_start_speech_utterance(
@@ -142,10 +147,11 @@ impl AvFoundation {
                 rate: 0.5,
                 volume: 1.,
                 pitch: 1.,
+                voice: None,
             }
         };
         *backend_id += 1;
-        rv
+        Ok(rv)
     }
 }
 
@@ -161,6 +167,8 @@ impl Backend for AvFoundation {
             pitch: true,
             volume: true,
             is_speaking: true,
+            voice: true,
+            get_voice: false,
             utterance_callbacks: true,
         }
     }
@@ -185,6 +193,12 @@ impl Backend for AvFoundation {
             let _: () = msg_send![utterance, setVolume: self.volume];
             trace!("Setting pitch to {}", self.pitch);
             let _: () = msg_send![utterance, setPitchMultiplier: self.pitch];
+            if let Some(voice) = &self.voice {
+                let mut vid = NSString::alloc(nil);
+                vid = vid.init_str(&voice.id());
+                let v: id = msg_send![class!(AVSpeechSynthesisVoice), voiceWithIdentifier: vid];
+                let _: () = msg_send![utterance, setVoice: v];
+            }
             trace!("Enqueuing");
             let _: () = msg_send![self.synth, speakUtterance: utterance];
             trace!("Done queuing");
@@ -271,6 +285,49 @@ impl Backend for AvFoundation {
         let is_speaking: i8 = unsafe { msg_send![self.synth, isSpeaking] };
         Ok(is_speaking != NO as i8)
     }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        let voices: CFArray = unsafe {
+            CFArray::wrap_under_get_rule(msg_send![class!(AVSpeechSynthesisVoice), speechVoices])
+        };
+        let rv = voices
+            .iter()
+            .map(|v| {
+                let id: CFString = unsafe {
+                    CFString::wrap_under_get_rule(msg_send![*v as *const Object, identifier])
+                };
+                let name: CFString =
+                    unsafe { CFString::wrap_under_get_rule(msg_send![*v as *const Object, name]) };
+                let gender: i64 = unsafe { msg_send![*v as *const Object, gender] };
+                let gender = match gender {
+                    1 => Some(Gender::Male),
+                    2 => Some(Gender::Female),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
+                let language: CFString = unsafe {
+                    CFString::wrap_under_get_rule(msg_send![*v as *const Object, language])
+                };
+                let language = language.to_string();
+                let language = LanguageTag::parse(language).unwrap();
+                Voice {
+                    id: id.to_string(),
+                    name: name.to_string(),
+                    gender,
+                    language,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Ok(rv)
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.voice = Some(voice.clone());
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for AvFoundation {

src/backends/speech_dispatcher.rs

@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@ use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Mutex};
 
 use lazy_static::*;
 use log::{info, trace};
+use oxilangtag::LanguageTag;
 use speech_dispatcher::*;
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, CALLBACKS};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, Voice, CALLBACKS};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct SpeechDispatcher(Connection);
 
 lazy_static! {
-    static ref SPEAKING: Mutex<HashMap<u64, bool>> = {
-        let m: HashMap<u64, bool> = HashMap::new();
+    static ref SPEAKING: Mutex<HashMap<usize, bool>> = {
+        let m: HashMap<usize, bool> = HashMap::new();
         Mutex::new(m)
     };
 }
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ impl SpeechDispatcher {
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let backend_id = BackendId::SpeechDispatcher(client_id);
             let cb = callbacks.get_mut(&backend_id).unwrap();
-            let utterance_id = UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(msg_id);
+            let utterance_id = UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(msg_id as u64);
             if let Some(f) = cb.utterance_begin.as_mut() {
                 f(utterance_id);
             }
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ impl SpeechDispatcher {
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let backend_id = BackendId::SpeechDispatcher(client_id);
             let cb = callbacks.get_mut(&backend_id).unwrap();
-            let utterance_id = UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(msg_id);
+            let utterance_id = UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(msg_id as u64);
             if let Some(f) = cb.utterance_end.as_mut() {
                 f(utterance_id);
             }
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ impl SpeechDispatcher {
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let backend_id = BackendId::SpeechDispatcher(client_id);
             let cb = callbacks.get_mut(&backend_id).unwrap();
-            let utterance_id = UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(msg_id);
+            let utterance_id = UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(msg_id as u64);
             if let Some(f) = cb.utterance_stop.as_mut() {
                 f(utterance_id);
             }
@@ -81,6 +82,8 @@ impl Backend for SpeechDispatcher {
             pitch: true,
             volume: true,
             is_speaking: true,
+            voice: true,
+            get_voice: false,
             utterance_callbacks: true,
         }
     }
@@ -179,6 +182,36 @@ impl Backend for SpeechDispatcher {
         let is_speaking = speaking.get(&self.0.client_id()).unwrap();
         Ok(*is_speaking)
     }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        let rv = self
+            .0
+            .list_synthesis_voices()?
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|v| LanguageTag::parse(v.language.clone()).is_ok())
+            .map(|v| Voice {
+                id: v.name.clone(),
+                name: v.name.clone(),
+                gender: None,
+                language: LanguageTag::parse(v.language.clone()).unwrap(),
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<Voice>>();
+        Ok(rv)
+    }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        for v in self.0.list_synthesis_voices()? {
+            if v.name == voice.name {
+                self.0.set_synthesis_voice(&v)?;
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+        Err(Error::OperationFailed)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for SpeechDispatcher {

src/backends/tolk.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use log::{info, trace};
 use tolk::Tolk as TolkPtr;
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, Voice};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Tolk(Arc<TolkPtr>);
@@ -108,4 +108,16 @@ impl Backend for Tolk {
     fn is_speaking(&self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, _voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
 }

src/backends/web.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,15 @@ use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{info, trace};
+use oxilangtag::LanguageTag;
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
 use web_sys::{
     SpeechSynthesisErrorCode, SpeechSynthesisErrorEvent, SpeechSynthesisEvent,
-    SpeechSynthesisUtterance,
+    SpeechSynthesisUtterance, SpeechSynthesisVoice,
 };
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, CALLBACKS};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, Voice, CALLBACKS};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Web {
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ pub struct Web {
     rate: f32,
     pitch: f32,
     volume: f32,
+    voice: Option<SpeechSynthesisVoice>,
 }
 
 lazy_static! {
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ impl Web {
             rate: 1.,
             pitch: 1.,
             volume: 1.,
+            voice: None,
         };
         *backend_id += 1;
         Ok(rv)
@@ -53,6 +56,8 @@ impl Backend for Web {
             pitch: true,
             volume: true,
             is_speaking: true,
+            voice: true,
+            get_voice: true,
             utterance_callbacks: true,
         }
     }
@@ -63,6 +68,9 @@ impl Backend for Web {
         utterance.set_rate(self.rate);
         utterance.set_pitch(self.pitch);
         utterance.set_volume(self.volume);
+        if self.voice.is_some() {
+            utterance.set_voice(self.voice.as_ref());
+        }
         let id = self.id().unwrap();
         let mut uid = NEXT_UTTERANCE_ID.lock().unwrap();
         let utterance_id = UtteranceId::Web(*uid);
@@ -196,6 +204,55 @@ impl Backend for Web {
             Err(Error::NoneError)
         }
     }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        if let Some(voice) = &self.voice {
+            Ok(Some(voice.clone().into()))
+        } else {
+            if let Some(window) = web_sys::window() {
+                let speech_synthesis = window.speech_synthesis().unwrap();
+                for voice in speech_synthesis.get_voices().iter() {
+                    let voice: SpeechSynthesisVoice = voice.into();
+                    if voice.default() {
+                        return Ok(Some(voice.into()));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::NoneError);
+            }
+            Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        if let Some(window) = web_sys::window() {
+            let speech_synthesis = window.speech_synthesis().unwrap();
+            let mut rv: Vec<Voice> = vec![];
+            for v in speech_synthesis.get_voices().iter() {
+                let v: SpeechSynthesisVoice = v.into();
+                rv.push(v.into());
+            }
+            Ok(rv)
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::NoneError)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if let Some(window) = web_sys::window() {
+            let speech_synthesis = window.speech_synthesis().unwrap();
+            for v in speech_synthesis.get_voices().iter() {
+                let v: SpeechSynthesisVoice = v.into();
+                if v.voice_uri() == voice.id {
+                    self.voice = Some(v);
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+            }
+            Err(Error::OperationFailed)
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::NoneError)
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Web {
@@ -204,3 +261,15 @@ impl Drop for Web {
         mappings.retain(|v| v.0 != self.id);
     }
 }
+
+impl From<SpeechSynthesisVoice> for Voice {
+    fn from(other: SpeechSynthesisVoice) -> Self {
+        let language = LanguageTag::parse(other.lang()).unwrap();
+        Voice {
+            id: other.voice_uri(),
+            name: other.name(),
+            gender: None,
+            language,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/backends/winrt.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 #[cfg(windows)]
-use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
-use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, VecDeque},
+    sync::Mutex,
+};
 
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{info, trace};
+use oxilangtag::LanguageTag;
 use windows::{
     Foundation::TypedEventHandler,
     Media::{
         Core::MediaSource,
         Playback::{MediaPlayer, MediaPlayerAudioCategory},
-        SpeechSynthesis::SpeechSynthesizer,
+        SpeechSynthesis::{SpeechSynthesizer, VoiceGender, VoiceInformation},
     },
 };
 
-use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, UtteranceId, CALLBACKS};
+use crate::{Backend, BackendId, Error, Features, Gender, UtteranceId, Voice, CALLBACKS};
 
 impl From<windows::core::Error> for Error {
     fn from(e: windows::core::Error) -> Self {
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ pub struct WinRt {
     rate: f32,
     pitch: f32,
     volume: f32,
+    voice: VoiceInformation,
 }
 
 struct Utterance {
@@ -37,6 +41,7 @@ struct Utterance {
     rate: f32,
     pitch: f32,
     volume: f32,
+    voice: VoiceInformation,
 }
 
 lazy_static! {
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ impl WinRt {
         backend_to_speech_synthesizer.insert(bid, synth.clone());
         drop(backend_to_speech_synthesizer);
         let bid_clone = bid;
-        player.MediaEnded(TypedEventHandler::new(
+        player.MediaEnded(&TypedEventHandler::new(
             move |sender: &Option<MediaPlayer>, _args| {
                 if let Some(sender) = sender {
                     let backend_to_media_player = BACKEND_TO_MEDIA_PLAYER.lock().unwrap();
@@ -102,13 +107,14 @@ impl WinRt {
                                         tts.Options()?.SetSpeakingRate(utterance.rate.into())?;
                                         tts.Options()?.SetAudioPitch(utterance.pitch.into())?;
                                         tts.Options()?.SetAudioVolume(utterance.volume.into())?;
-                                        let stream = tts
-                                            .SynthesizeTextToStreamAsync(utterance.text.as_str())?
-                                            .get()?;
+                                        tts.SetVoice(&utterance.voice)?;
+                                        let text = &utterance.text;
+                                        let stream =
+                                            tts.SynthesizeTextToStreamAsync(&text.into())?.get()?;
                                         let content_type = stream.ContentType()?;
                                         let source =
-                                            MediaSource::CreateFromStream(stream, content_type)?;
-                                        sender.SetSource(source)?;
+                                            MediaSource::CreateFromStream(&stream, &content_type)?;
+                                        sender.SetSource(&source)?;
                                         sender.Play()?;
                                         if let Some(callback) = callbacks.utterance_begin.as_mut() {
                                             callback(utterance.id);
@@ -129,6 +135,7 @@ impl WinRt {
             rate: 1.,
             pitch: 1.,
             volume: 1.,
+            voice: SpeechSynthesizer::DefaultVoice()?,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -145,6 +152,8 @@ impl Backend for WinRt {
             pitch: true,
             volume: true,
             is_speaking: true,
+            voice: true,
+            get_voice: true,
             utterance_callbacks: true,
         }
     }
@@ -174,6 +183,7 @@ impl Backend for WinRt {
                     rate: self.rate,
                     pitch: self.pitch,
                     volume: self.volume,
+                    voice: self.voice.clone(),
                 };
                 utterances.push_back(utterance);
             }
@@ -182,10 +192,14 @@ impl Backend for WinRt {
             self.synth.Options()?.SetSpeakingRate(self.rate.into())?;
             self.synth.Options()?.SetAudioPitch(self.pitch.into())?;
             self.synth.Options()?.SetAudioVolume(self.volume.into())?;
-            let stream = self.synth.SynthesizeTextToStreamAsync(text)?.get()?;
+            self.synth.SetVoice(&self.voice)?;
+            let stream = self
+                .synth
+                .SynthesizeTextToStreamAsync(&text.into())?
+                .get()?;
             let content_type = stream.ContentType()?;
-            let source = MediaSource::CreateFromStream(stream, content_type)?;
-            self.player.SetSource(source)?;
+            let source = MediaSource::CreateFromStream(&stream, &content_type)?;
+            self.player.SetSource(&source)?;
             self.player.Play()?;
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&self.id).unwrap();
@@ -289,6 +303,31 @@ impl Backend for WinRt {
         let utterances = utterances.get(&self.id).unwrap();
         Ok(!utterances.is_empty())
     }
+
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        let voice = self.synth.Voice()?;
+        let voice = voice.try_into()?;
+        Ok(Some(voice))
+    }
+
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        let mut rv: Vec<Voice> = vec![];
+        for voice in SpeechSynthesizer::AllVoices()? {
+            rv.push(voice.try_into()?);
+        }
+        Ok(rv)
+    }
+
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        for v in SpeechSynthesizer::AllVoices()? {
+            let vid: String = v.Id()?.try_into()?;
+            if vid == voice.id {
+                self.voice = v;
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+        Err(Error::OperationFailed)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for WinRt {
@@ -302,3 +341,24 @@ impl Drop for WinRt {
         utterances.remove(&id);
     }
 }
+
+impl TryInto<Voice> for VoiceInformation {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_into(self) -> Result<Voice, Self::Error> {
+        let gender = self.Gender()?;
+        let gender = if gender == VoiceGender::Male {
+            Gender::Male
+        } else {
+            Gender::Female
+        };
+        let language: String = self.Language()?.try_into()?;
+        let language = LanguageTag::parse(language).unwrap();
+        Ok(Voice {
+            id: self.Id()?.try_into()?,
+            name: self.DisplayName()?.try_into()?,
+            gender: Some(gender),
+            language,
+        })
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
-/*!
- * a Text-To-Speech (TTS) library providing high-level interfaces to a variety of backends.
- * Currently supported backends are:
- * * Windows
- *   * Screen readers/SAPI via Tolk (requires `tolk` Cargo feature)
- *   * WinRT
- * * Linux via [Speech Dispatcher](https://freebsoft.org/speechd)
- * * MacOS/iOS
- *   * AppKit on MacOS 10.13 and below
- *   * AVFoundation on MacOS 10.14 and above, and iOS
- * * Android
- * * WebAssembly
- */
+//! * a Text-To-Speech (TTS) library providing high-level interfaces to a variety of backends.
+//!  * Currently supported backends are:
+//!  * * Windows
+//!  *   * Screen readers/SAPI via Tolk (requires `tolk` Cargo feature)
+//!  *   * WinRT
+//!  * * Linux via [Speech Dispatcher](https://freebsoft.org/speechd)
+//!  * * MacOS/iOS
+//!  *   * AppKit on MacOS 10.13 and below
+//!  *   * AVFoundation on MacOS 10.14 and above, and iOS
+//!  * * Android
+//!  * * WebAssembly
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::fmt;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use std::string::FromUtf16Error;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::{boxed::Box, sync::RwLock};
 
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use libc::c_char;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+pub use oxilangtag::LanguageTag;
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 use speech_dispatcher::Error as SpeechDispatcherError;
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ pub enum BackendId {
     #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
     AvFoundation(u64),
     #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-    SpeechDispatcher(u64),
+    SpeechDispatcher(usize),
     #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
     Web(u64),
     #[cfg(windows)]
@@ -94,15 +96,15 @@ impl fmt::Display for BackendId {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         match self {
             #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-            BackendId::Android(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            BackendId::Android(id) => writeln!(f, "Android({id})"),
             #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
-            BackendId::AvFoundation(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            BackendId::AvFoundation(id) => writeln!(f, "AvFoundation({id})"),
             #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-            BackendId::SpeechDispatcher(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            BackendId::SpeechDispatcher(id) => writeln!(f, "SpeechDispatcher({id})"),
             #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-            BackendId::Web(id) => writeln!(f, "Web({})", id),
+            BackendId::Web(id) => writeln!(f, "Web({id})"),
             #[cfg(windows)]
-            BackendId::WinRt(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            BackendId::WinRt(id) => writeln!(f, "WinRT({id})"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -142,13 +144,13 @@ impl fmt::Display for UtteranceId {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         match self {
             #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-            UtteranceId::Android(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            UtteranceId::Android(id) => writeln!(f, "Android({id})"),
             #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-            UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            UtteranceId::SpeechDispatcher(id) => writeln!(f, "SpeechDispatcher({id})"),
             #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
             UtteranceId::Web(id) => writeln!(f, "Web({})", id),
             #[cfg(windows)]
-            UtteranceId::WinRt(id) => writeln!(f, "{}", id),
+            UtteranceId::WinRt(id) => writeln!(f, "WinRt({id})"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -165,12 +167,14 @@ pub struct Features {
     pub rate: bool,
     pub stop: bool,
     pub utterance_callbacks: bool,
+    pub voice: bool,
+    pub get_voice: bool,
     pub volume: bool,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for Features {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        writeln!(f, "{:#?}", self)
+        writeln!(f, "{self:#?}")
     }
 }
 
@@ -197,6 +201,9 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[cfg(windows)]
     #[error("WinRT error")]
     WinRt(windows::core::Error),
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[error("UTF string conversion failed")]
+    UtfStringConversionFailed(#[from] FromUtf16Error),
     #[error("Unsupported feature")]
     UnsupportedFeature,
     #[error("Out of range")]
@@ -207,7 +214,7 @@ pub enum Error {
 }
 
 #[clonable]
-trait Backend: Clone {
+pub trait Backend: Clone {
     fn id(&self) -> Option<BackendId>;
     fn supported_features(&self) -> Features;
     fn speak(&mut self, text: &str, interrupt: bool) -> Result<Option<UtteranceId>, Error>;
@@ -228,6 +235,9 @@ trait Backend: Clone {
     fn get_volume(&self) -> Result<f32, Error>;
     fn set_volume(&mut self, volume: f32) -> Result<(), Error>;
     fn is_speaking(&self) -> Result<bool, Error>;
+    fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error>;
+    fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error>;
+    fn set_voice(&mut self, voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -249,33 +259,31 @@ lazy_static! {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Tts(Arc<RwLock<Box<dyn Backend>>>);
+pub struct Tts(Rc<RwLock<Box<dyn Backend>>>);
 
 unsafe impl Send for Tts {}
 
 unsafe impl Sync for Tts {}
 
 impl Tts {
-    /**
-     * Create a new `TTS` instance with the specified backend.
-     */
+    /// Create a new `TTS` instance with the specified backend.
     pub fn new(backend: Backends) -> Result<Tts, Error> {
         let backend = match backend {
             #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
             Backends::SpeechDispatcher => {
                 let tts = backends::SpeechDispatcher::new()?;
-                Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
+                Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
             }
             #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
             Backends::Web => {
                 let tts = backends::Web::new()?;
-                Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
+                Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
             }
             #[cfg(all(windows, feature = "tolk"))]
             Backends::Tolk => {
                 let tts = backends::Tolk::new();
                 if let Some(tts) = tts {
-                    Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
+                    Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
                 } else {
                     Err(Error::NoneError)
                 }
@@ -283,20 +291,20 @@ impl Tts {
             #[cfg(windows)]
             Backends::WinRt => {
                 let tts = backends::WinRt::new()?;
-                Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
+                Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
             }
             #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-            Backends::AppKit => Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(
-                Box::new(backends::AppKit::new()),
+            Backends::AppKit => Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(
+                Box::new(backends::AppKit::new()?),
             )))),
             #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
-            Backends::AvFoundation => Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(
-                backends::AvFoundation::new(),
+            Backends::AvFoundation => Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(
+                backends::AvFoundation::new()?,
             ))))),
             #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
             Backends::Android => {
                 let tts = backends::Android::new()?;
-                Ok(Tts(Arc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
+                Ok(Tts(Rc::new(RwLock::new(Box::new(tts)))))
             }
         };
         if let Ok(backend) = backend {
@@ -310,6 +318,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     pub fn default() -> Result<Tts, Error> {
         #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
         let tts = Tts::new(Backends::SpeechDispatcher);
@@ -349,16 +358,12 @@ impl Tts {
         tts
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the features supported by this TTS engine
-     */
+    /// Returns the features supported by this TTS engine
     pub fn supported_features(&self) -> Features {
         self.0.read().unwrap().supported_features()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Speaks the specified text, optionally interrupting current speech.
-     */
+    /// Speaks the specified text, optionally interrupting current speech.
     pub fn speak<S: Into<String>>(
         &mut self,
         text: S,
@@ -370,9 +375,7 @@ impl Tts {
             .speak(text.into().as_str(), interrupt)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Stops current speech.
-     */
+    /// Stops current speech.
     pub fn stop(&mut self) -> Result<&Self, Error> {
         let Features { stop, .. } = self.supported_features();
         if stop {
@@ -383,30 +386,22 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the minimum rate for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the minimum rate for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn min_rate(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().min_rate()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the maximum rate for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the maximum rate for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn max_rate(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().max_rate()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the normal rate for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the normal rate for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn normal_rate(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().normal_rate()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the current speech rate.
-     */
+    /// Gets the current speech rate.
     pub fn get_rate(&self) -> Result<f32, Error> {
         let Features { rate, .. } = self.supported_features();
         if rate {
@@ -416,9 +411,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Sets the desired speech rate.
-     */
+    /// Sets the desired speech rate.
     pub fn set_rate(&mut self, rate: f32) -> Result<&Self, Error> {
         let Features {
             rate: rate_feature, ..
@@ -436,30 +429,22 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the minimum pitch for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the minimum pitch for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn min_pitch(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().min_pitch()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the maximum pitch for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the maximum pitch for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn max_pitch(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().max_pitch()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the normal pitch for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the normal pitch for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn normal_pitch(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().normal_pitch()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the current speech pitch.
-     */
+    /// Gets the current speech pitch.
     pub fn get_pitch(&self) -> Result<f32, Error> {
         let Features { pitch, .. } = self.supported_features();
         if pitch {
@@ -469,9 +454,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Sets the desired speech pitch.
-     */
+    /// Sets the desired speech pitch.
     pub fn set_pitch(&mut self, pitch: f32) -> Result<&Self, Error> {
         let Features {
             pitch: pitch_feature,
@@ -490,30 +473,22 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the minimum volume for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the minimum volume for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn min_volume(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().min_volume()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the maximum volume for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the maximum volume for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn max_volume(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().max_volume()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the normal volume for this speech synthesizer.
-     */
+    /// Returns the normal volume for this speech synthesizer.
     pub fn normal_volume(&self) -> f32 {
         self.0.read().unwrap().normal_volume()
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the current speech volume.
-     */
+    /// Gets the current speech volume.
     pub fn get_volume(&self) -> Result<f32, Error> {
         let Features { volume, .. } = self.supported_features();
         if volume {
@@ -523,9 +498,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Sets the desired speech volume.
-     */
+    /// Sets the desired speech volume.
     pub fn set_volume(&mut self, volume: f32) -> Result<&Self, Error> {
         let Features {
             volume: volume_feature,
@@ -544,9 +517,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this speech synthesizer is speaking.
-     */
+    /// Returns whether this speech synthesizer is speaking.
     pub fn is_speaking(&self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
         let Features { is_speaking, .. } = self.supported_features();
         if is_speaking {
@@ -556,9 +527,40 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Called when this speech synthesizer begins speaking an utterance.
-     */
+    /// Returns list of available voices.
+    pub fn voices(&self) -> Result<Vec<Voice>, Error> {
+        let Features { voice, .. } = self.supported_features();
+        if voice {
+            self.0.read().unwrap().voices()
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::UnsupportedFeature)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the current speaking voice.
+    pub fn voice(&self) -> Result<Option<Voice>, Error> {
+        let Features { get_voice, .. } = self.supported_features();
+        if get_voice {
+            self.0.read().unwrap().voice()
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::UnsupportedFeature)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set speaking voice.
+    pub fn set_voice(&mut self, voice: &Voice) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let Features {
+            voice: voice_feature,
+            ..
+        } = self.supported_features();
+        if voice_feature {
+            self.0.write().unwrap().set_voice(voice)
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::UnsupportedFeature)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Called when this speech synthesizer begins speaking an utterance.
     pub fn on_utterance_begin(
         &self,
         callback: Option<Box<dyn FnMut(UtteranceId)>>,
@@ -570,7 +572,7 @@ impl Tts {
         if utterance_callbacks {
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let id = self.0.read().unwrap().id().unwrap();
-            let mut callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
+            let callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
             callbacks.utterance_begin = callback;
             Ok(())
         } else {
@@ -578,9 +580,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Called when this speech synthesizer finishes speaking an utterance.
-     */
+    /// Called when this speech synthesizer finishes speaking an utterance.
     pub fn on_utterance_end(
         &self,
         callback: Option<Box<dyn FnMut(UtteranceId)>>,
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ impl Tts {
         if utterance_callbacks {
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let id = self.0.read().unwrap().id().unwrap();
-            let mut callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
+            let callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
             callbacks.utterance_end = callback;
             Ok(())
         } else {
@@ -600,9 +600,7 @@ impl Tts {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Called when this speech synthesizer is stopped and still has utterances in its queue.
-     */
+    /// Called when this speech synthesizer is stopped and still has utterances in its queue.
     pub fn on_utterance_stop(
         &self,
         callback: Option<Box<dyn FnMut(UtteranceId)>>,
@@ -614,7 +612,7 @@ impl Tts {
         if utterance_callbacks {
             let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
             let id = self.0.read().unwrap().id().unwrap();
-            let mut callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
+            let callbacks = callbacks.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
             callbacks.utterance_stop = callback;
             Ok(())
         } else {
@@ -643,7 +641,7 @@ impl Tts {
 
 impl Drop for Tts {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if Arc::strong_count(&self.0) <= 1 {
+        if Rc::strong_count(&self.0) <= 1 {
             if let Some(id) = self.0.read().unwrap().id() {
                 let mut callbacks = CALLBACKS.lock().unwrap();
                 callbacks.remove(&id);
@@ -651,3 +649,35 @@ impl Drop for Tts {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum Gender {
+    Male,
+    Female,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Voice {
+    pub(crate) id: String,
+    pub(crate) name: String,
+    pub(crate) gender: Option<Gender>,
+    pub(crate) language: LanguageTag<String>,
+}
+
+impl Voice {
+    pub fn id(&self) -> String {
+        self.id.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.name.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn gender(&self) -> Option<Gender> {
+        self.gender
+    }
+
+    pub fn language(&self) -> LanguageTag<String> {
+        self.language.clone()
+    }
+}